Web applications development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Web applications development - Research Paper Example A web based application is a program which is used simply through an active web link and that uses HTTP as a medium of communication.Therefore we can say that web based applications are software products that allow website users to send and receive data or information to and from a database using a web browser. Additionally, the web based applications have been utilized as the web technology and achieved typical recognition. In addition, a web based application allows us to access our corporate data and information from anyplace across the globe at anytime. Thus, this feature of web application gives us the opportunity to spend less time, save finance and enhance communication with our business associates and clients (Acunetix), (Nations) and (Tarawneh, Elsheikh and Lahawiah). Moreover, a typical web based application works like three layer fashion. In this scenario, the initial layer is usually a user interface or some sort of web browser. The 2nd layer comprises the useful informat ion development technology based tool for instance Active Server Pages (ASP) or JSP. The 3rd layer holds the database part which is responsible for the information and customer data including credentials and credit card information (Acunetix), (Nations) and (Tarawneh, Elsheikh and Lahawiah). This report presents a detailed analysis of web based applications, their working frameworks, client-server architecture, advantages and disadvantages of client-server architecture. This report will also discuss web based application architecture and its importance in businesses.... It is a network arrangement wherein every computer on the network is either a server or a client. In this scenario, client systems offer an interface to permit a user to demand vital services residing on the server as well as show the results given back by the server. Additionally, servers offer different services to the clients like file services, printing services, and storage services. In addition, servers generally expect requests to come from clients and afterward answer them accordingly. Preferably, a server offers a consistent visible interface to their clients in order that clients don’t need to know about the information of the system (specifically, program and hardware) that is offering the required service. However, these days’ clients are frequently placed at PCs or workstations, whereas servers are positioned in a different place on the networking environment, typically on more dominant and reliable machines (Encyclop?dia Britannica), (Urgaonkar, Pacifici a nd Shenoy) and (Kioskea). 2-Tier Architecture 2-tier architecture is implemented to explain client/server arrangement. In this architecture a client sends requests for services and the server replies openly to the arrived request, by means of its personal resources and services. It implies that a server provides services on its own and will not ask an additional request in an attempt to offer the fraction of resources (Encyclop?dia Britannica), (Urgaonkar, Pacifici and Shenoy) and (Kioskea). Figure1. 2-Tier Architecture, Image Source: http://static.commentcamarche.net/en.kioskea.net/pictures/cs-images-2-tier.gif 3-Tier Architecture In 3-tier architecture, a middle level is distinguished. It implies that the architecture is usually divided

When Rewards Go Wrong Essay Example for Free

When Rewards Go Wrong Essay At the heart of most performance management systems is a reward program. However, even when we are doing everything else right, rewards can go wrong. Here, we explore five ways that external incentives can damage performance, from destroying altruistic behavior to distracting people from the task. Fortunately, most of these downfalls are avoidable. While not every behavior is suitable for pay-for-performance, we can provide rewards that are rewarding, helping to encourage the behavior we value. THE CARROT AND THE STICK are the starting point for creating the behavior that we want. We reward desirable actions and punish, often by removing rewards, actions that annoy. Rewarded behavior becomes more frequent, and punished behaviors eventually disappear. That, at least, is the idea. From economics, which is largely the study of incentives, to behavioral psychology, which specializes in reinforcers, we have academic reassurance that we are pursuing the recommended path. But as anyone who actually tried to put this simple logic into practice will find, it does not always work out as well as desired. We praise a teenager for doing well in her studies, rewarding her with a shopping trip to the mall, only to find that her grades steadily deteriorate thereafter. We encourage a spouse to try to follow our much more reasonable agenda, only to get him or her to dig his or her heels in opposition. We even encounter this mysterious disconnect when we give gifts. Gift givers typically expect a positive association between how much they spend on a gift and how much their gift’s recipient appreciates it. We reason that more money (i.e., a more expensive gift) conveys a greater amount of thoughtfulness. In fact, gift recipients report no such association between the price of their gift and their actual feelings of appreciation (Flynn Adams, 2009). Much like gift givers who expect a greater, more positive outcome proportional to the size of the gift, organizations often find that external rewards such as pay do not garner the outcomes they expect. In fact, sometimes to our bafflement, an incentive program turns out to be a disincentive program, where we are inadvertently reducing the very behavior we try to encourage. Why does this happen? Sometimes it is due to poor measurement: we do not recognize the proper behavior when it occurs or when we get it confused with something else. Most famously, rewarding CEOs with stock options is seen as a way to get the C-suite (the offices of the most senior-level executives with titles beginning with the word chief) to work harder, but this can have perverse consequences. Stock performance is not the same as CEO performance, and to raise stock prices, we actually incented some CEOs to manufacture or make up favorable financial reports. This is why Peter Drucker (Drucker Zahra, 2003) described the practice as â€Å"the well-meant but idiotic belief that executives should have major stakes in the company, the stock options (which I have always considered an open invitation to mis-management)† (p. 11). At other times, rewards do not work because they are not contingent on performance. To the degree rewards are not reliably delivered, so people feel their hard work will not be dependably recognized, we can stop expecting the target behavior altogether regardless of how large the promised reward becomes. For a performance management system to work, people have to trust it. However, neither of these issues of implementation will be our focus. Performance Improvement, vol. 51, no. 8, September 2012  ©2012 International Society for Performance Improvement Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) Altruism paints a sunny swath through our society. People act on behalf of others simply for the pleasure of helping. Here we are at our best, whether assisting the disabled or homeless find housing or our coworkers master the company’s new software program. The joy of altruism is inherent in our neurobiological makeup, with separate regions of the brain activated when we are acting altruistically (Fehr Rockenbach, 2004). Unfortunately, this is also part of the problem. There are countless examples of attempts to incent altruistic behavior that in theory should have been effective. Even if someone is intrinsically motivated to perform, adding an extrinsic reward should motivate him or her even more. As it turns out, it does not quite work this way. Frey and Oberholzer-Gee (1997) reviewed the Swiss government’s attempt to get a canton to accept a nuclear waste dump being built near it. Nobody wants nuclear waste, nearby or otherwise. But if you are going to have nuclear power, the waste has to go somewhere, and allowing it to be stored in the vicinity of your backyard is a selfless civic act. Initially, simply on the request of the government, about 51% of the area’s populace was willing to permit its location—altrui sm pure and simple. However, when the Swiss later decided to add a few thousand dollars of yearly stipend to promote more agreement, the percentage of agreement went down, not up, to about 25%. Neurobiologically, by adding an external incentive, the Swiss government framed the question from being an altruistic act, which had sufficient motivation, to one of pleasure and self-interest, which was evaluated in a separate part of our brain and came up short. Under these strictly monetary standards, the few grand that the government was offering was not enough. Later in 2001, Frey along with a new colleague, Jegen, called this motivational crowding theory. Finding scores of examples for everything from the adherence of time schedules in day care services to pay-for-performance schemes, they repeatedly found that extrinsic rewards can push or crowd out intrinsic rewards. Now this is not always a bad thing. If the Swiss government wanted to get agreement well over the 51% that altruism was providing, it could have, but at a high cost. If officials were willing to give every resident a small fortune each year, they might even have people actively moving to that canton. But if you cannot afford the cost of maintaining an extrinsic reward system, then you are likely better off not implementing it at all. The delicate balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motives can be a difficult one to keep. Gary Walters, an expert in psychology and child development, recounts his mistake when trying to encourage his 6-year-old son’s precious interest in chess by giving him a manual on the topic: â€Å"He was reading by then, so I gave it to him. That just killed it. It turned it into schoolwork. There’s a difference between intrinsic and extrinsic interest: the kinds of things you’d do on your own because they’re self-rewarding, as opposed to somebody on the outside telling you† (Bielski, 2012). If he can err, then so can the rest of us. Consequently, if you have people volunteering, developing, self-improving, or engaging in positive organizational citizenship behavior due to intrinsic reasons, you might want to recognize it or celebrate it with unexpected or unofficial rewards but not ones formally contingent on task performance. Leave such altruism as the wonderful gift that people give others. It is not work and should not be treated as such. HOW CAN BE AS IMPORTANT AS WHAT People have desires not only about the rewards they receive but also in the manner they are delivered. For example, company A and company B may pay their workers the same competitive wage, but due to differences in procedure, one is effectively incenting performance while the other is not. But why? There are two major desires regarding the administration of reward programs: a sense of fairness and a sense of autonomy. As the common law adage goes, â€Å"Not only must Justice be done, it must be seen to be done.† This principle extends to reward systems as well (Frey Stutzer, 2005). In the competition for performance between company A and B, you can increase the power of your incentives through three primary mechanisms (Masterson, Lewis, Goldman, Taylor, 2000; McFarlin Sweeney, 1992). First, keep your employees informed about exactly how rewards are administered. Effective reward systems are usually transparent, in that they are well documented, clearly communicated, and easy to follow. The less accessible or understandable a reward system becomes, the less it works. Second, be consistent in its application. Whether the outcome is the same or different, people like to know that there is a process being followed and that it is the same for everybody. The more arbitrary you are and the more exceptions you make for particular people, the less bang you get for your buck or value for your effort. Finally, and probably most important, allow voice. Any reward, large or small, is likely to be accepted as being fair if you give others the opportunity to state their perspective. By denying people even marginal input, they are less likely to buy what you are selling. Often you do not even have to agree with their opinions, but you do have to listen authentically; people desp erately want to be heard. The other mechanism for improving or reducing the power of rewards is whether you emphasize their controlling aspects. We do want to control or at least influence behavior with rewards. Otherwise, why else would you use them? However, many people have substantive needs for autonomy. While the need for autonomy can range from nonexistent all the way up to Patrick Henry’s â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death,† on average it is quite large. Typically we do not like other people telling us what to do, we do not like feeling controlled, and we resent any efforts to coerce. To reestablish a sense of autonomy, we might reject significant rewards, seemingly self-destructively— cutting off your nose to spite your face. Consequently, giving people a degree of choice in reward systems and framing the system as encouragement rather than control reduces the perceived threat to autonomy. For example, Washington, D.C., has a performance system for teachers called â€Å"Impact Plus.† Teachers can voluntarily enroll, potentially doubling their salary, if they are willing to give up some job security provision in their union contract. When his friends do show up, Tom applies himself to the paintbrush with gusto, presenting the tedious chore as a rare opportunity. Tom’s friends wind up not only paying for the privilege of taking their turn at the fence, but deriving real pleasure from the task—a win–win outcome if there ever was one. In Twain’s words, Tom â€Å"had discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it—namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difï ¬ cult to attain.† (p. 1) REWARDS TELL US HOW REWARDING THE TASK REALLY IS Ariely, Loewenstein, and Prelec (2006) suggest what they call the â€Å"Tom Sawyer effect.† They write, In a famous passage of Mark Twain’s novel Tom Sawyer, Tom is faced with the unenviable job of whitewashing his aunt’s fence in full view of his friends who will pass by shortly and whose snickering Perhaps even more notable, this effect demonstrates that the value of a task, real and perceived, is malleable and that rewards can be used quite persuasively to alter this perception. Certainly price in many cases communicates meaning. For example, if a colleague offers you $1,500 to go on a date with her brother, you have just been given a lot of information about that brother, as well as about how the date might be expected to go. Similarly, Plassmann, O’Doherty, Shiv, and Rangel (2008) examined the effects of pricing on the experience of enjoyment of wine. As might be expected, as the price of the wine increased, participants reported a greater level of satisfaction with the wine overall. That is, their attitudes about the wine and self-reported experience were more positive. Impressively, they also showed a greater physiological satisfaction with the wine. On functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of participants’ brains, a higher level of activity was observed in one of the pleasure centers of the brain. Not only did price provide information that informed attitudes, but it also informed real, physical reactions. Of note, when the same participants assessed the wine in blind taste tests, they gave the cheapest wine (five dollars a bottle) the highest praise. Consequently, if we pay people to perform a task, we also can be communicating that the task is awful. They will hate it simply because that is what the â€Å"price† indicates, countering what natural positive feelings we might have had. For example, economists tried to incent students’ performance by paying them to learn—a cash-for-grades scheme. â€Å"Remarkably,† as Fryer (2010) found, â€Å"incentives for output did not increase achievement† (p. 5). Actually it’s not so remarkable. Good framing can minimize this, where we ensure we are also communicating that this is a desirable job. You could make it clear, as Tom Sawyer did, that the task is coveted and others would be eager to do the same. There are scores of public schools that are incredibly demanding in what they ask of their students, such as SEED schools and the Harlem Success Academy. Perhaps they can ask so much because the competition to get in is so high that it is done by lottery.

The Character of Caliban in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essays -- Tempes

The Character of Caliban in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Caliban is one of the most interesting of Shakespeare’s characters. For centuries, scholars have puzzled over the meaning and importance of this central character. Who or what is this creature? Is he a man or a beast (Peterson, p.2)? Most of the people who have debated this question take the question itself at face value. Caliban is either a man or a beast. The other characters in the play dismiss him as a "poisonous slave," "savage," and "hag-seed" (Act 1, Scene 2), but that does not mean that the reader must do so as well. Let us take a closer look at Caliban the individual and evaluate the question of his humanity. In the end, I think we will see that Caliban is just as human as the other characters in the play. The first charge against Caliban is his shape. Prospero beckons him come by shouting, "What ho! Slave, Caliban!/ Thou earth, thou, speak!...Come thou tortoise!" Prospero does not even deign to place him among humankind; instead he is called "earth" as if he is part of the very ground-- the dirt that Prospero rules. Later, Trinculo calls him "A strange fish" and Stephano refers to him as a "monster of the isle with four legs." (2,2) Indeed, Caliban is never spoken of without some dehumanizing adjective added to the address. I would, however like to challenge the notion of his ugliness. During Shakespeare's day, there was a very narrow, very specific concept of beauty. For example, a woman was usually considered most beautiful if she was very fair. This showed that she was not exposed to the sun through any type of common labor and thus signified her gentility. To most of Elizabethan England, this concept of beauty was the only concept of beaut... ...ight not all be good ones, are, nevertheless, very human ones. In fact, most of Shakespeare's characters exhibit attributes far worse than Caliban's, yet their humanity is ever called into question. Consider Iago of Othello. Iago exhibited a startling lack of redeeming qualities, yet he was never called a monster. The only reason that Caliban should be called a "monster" lies in the only way he differs from the other characters-- his appearance. It is a shame that, while a modern audiences may question the treatment of Caliban, they do not often question the reason behind it, and by failing to do so, they, along with Prospero become slaves to their own preconceptions. Dale Peterson and Jane Goodall encompassed the lesson that we must learn from Caliban. They said, "By enslaving Caliban, we enslave ourselves. Only when we free Caliban will we free ourselves."

Online Reservation

Introduction of online reservation system Hotel Reservation System is an easy-to-use reservation management software that can manage your hotel or motel, Ideal for reservations, Hotels and guest houses, Affordable – no cost per booking charges, Easy To Use, Track Customers and avoid Double Bookings, Analyze Reservation Patterns,Automatic Calculations, Reporting System, Multi-users and rights managements, RoomTypes Rooms managements and RatePlan managements. Hotel reservation software with a difference. The ideal alternative to manually tracking customers. No longer is there a need to keep mounds of paper or lose customer details. Hotel Reservation is a reservation software system designed to simplify the booking process and allow you to get on with running your business. Enter the computer age and reap the benefits of automating the reservation process. Track customers and more importantly help keep the repeat customers. You can analyze reservation trends and work towards your future needs. Rearrange reservations and allocate rooms without an eraser in sight! Managing repeat customers and recording customer preferences helps you to retain your customers. Make your customers feel unique and special by recording personal notes. Welcome them with their nickname at the door! Following the long term trends is important in your hotel. Hotel Reservation makes this easy with our reporting system. With just one click you can analyze trends. Monitor the performance of your promotions and advertising quickly and easily. Each time you make a reservation, the room status is updated and the customer details are added to your hotel database. Conceptual Framework of the Study Figure1, shows the paradigm of the study that online reservation is must for the INN to gain higher-level of competitiveness among its competutor Input Process Output Provide faster, more Accessible & to lessen failures in room reservation. Gain higher level Competitiveness. INN Service Query Customer Information Inn Reservation Online Reservation System Figure 1. paradigm of the study RBC INN Provide faster, more Accessible & less effort in INN room reservation. http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Online-Reservation-System/632909 http://www. fileguru. com/Hotel-Reservation-System/info http://www. scribd. com/doc/19244137/Online-Hotel-Management-Syst em Online Reservation Introduction of online reservation system Hotel Reservation System is an easy-to-use reservation management software that can manage your hotel or motel, Ideal for reservations, Hotels and guest houses, Affordable – no cost per booking charges, Easy To Use, Track Customers and avoid Double Bookings, Analyze Reservation Patterns,Automatic Calculations, Reporting System, Multi-users and rights managements, RoomTypes Rooms managements and RatePlan managements. Hotel reservation software with a difference. The ideal alternative to manually tracking customers. No longer is there a need to keep mounds of paper or lose customer details. Hotel Reservation is a reservation software system designed to simplify the booking process and allow you to get on with running your business. Enter the computer age and reap the benefits of automating the reservation process. Track customers and more importantly help keep the repeat customers. You can analyze reservation trends and work towards your future needs. Rearrange reservations and allocate rooms without an eraser in sight! Managing repeat customers and recording customer preferences helps you to retain your customers. Make your customers feel unique and special by recording personal notes. Welcome them with their nickname at the door! Following the long term trends is important in your hotel. Hotel Reservation makes this easy with our reporting system. With just one click you can analyze trends. Monitor the performance of your promotions and advertising quickly and easily. Each time you make a reservation, the room status is updated and the customer details are added to your hotel database. Conceptual Framework of the Study Figure1, shows the paradigm of the study that online reservation is must for the INN to gain higher-level of competitiveness among its competutor Input Process Output Provide faster, more Accessible & to lessen failures in room reservation. Gain higher level Competitiveness. INN Service Query Customer Information Inn Reservation Online Reservation System Figure 1. paradigm of the study RBC INN Provide faster, more Accessible & less effort in INN room reservation. http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Online-Reservation-System/632909 http://www. fileguru. com/Hotel-Reservation-System/info http://www. scribd. com/doc/19244137/Online-Hotel-Management-Syst em

Nokia Market Analysis

The roots of Nokia go back to the year 1865 with the establishment of a forestry industry enterprise in South-Western Finland by mining engineer Fredrick Idestam. While in the year 1898, witnessed the foundation of Finnish Rubber Works Ltd, and in 1912, Finnish Cable Works began operations. Gradually, the ownership of this two companies and Nokia began to shift into hands of just a few owners. Finally, these three companies were merged to form Nokia Corporation in 1967. [1] Nokia Corporation engages in the manufacture of mobile devices and mobile network equipment, as well as in the provision of related solutions and services worldwide. The company has four main business functions or segments: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. The Mobile Phones segment provides various mobile voice and data devices. This segment offers mobile phones and devices based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/WCDMA, and CDMA cellular technologies. The Multimedia segment offers mobile devices and applications with multimedia connectivity over GSM, 3G/WCDMA, WLAM etc. Strategic Management of Nokia The External Analysis examines opportunities and threats that exist in the environment and I will be discussing the fallowing. . P. E. S. T Analysis 2. Porter’s Five Forces/Market Trends 3. Types of Market 1. P. E. S. T Analysis: PEST identifies the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that of which directly affect a company. In this case Nokia. Political – As markets are deregulated, both operators and manufacturers are free to act independently of government intervention. In Countries like India and China where Partial regulations exist, government intervention does take place. Economic – With incomes rising, people have more disposable income, which enables consumers to be more selective with their choice of mobile phone, looking to other factors rather than fulfilling the most basic of user needs (text messaging and phone calls) and price being such a key factor. Social – The rise of the so-called information society has made telecommunications increasingly more important to consumers, both in terms of work and leisure. Users are more aware of mobile phone handset choice and advancements due to increased information availability. Strategic Management of Nokia Technological – There have been much global advancement in technology such as MMS, Bluetooth, WAP, GSM, GPRS, cameras etc. The Asian markets are more technologically advanced than their European counterparts, for example in 2002, just 4% of phones had cameras, whereas in Asia 90% did. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces which determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. It consists of fallowing factors. Power of New Entrants:In any market arrival of a new product is not always welcomed. In mobiles world it’s not different a mobile phone or an online service is launched by Nokia it has as 50 percent chance of success. It’s like the launch of Nokia’s N95 Smartphone which was much appreciated by buyers then the launch of N96 Smartphone. Power of Buyers:Due to recent down fall in the economy, the demand of consumers buying new mobiles has come to a halt. Due to which companies everywhere are thinking of strategies to increase the demand of their products. Strategic Management of Nokia Threat of Substitute:There are substitute for everything out in the world. So goes for the mobile, and the services provided by Nokia but the problem lies in consumers switching to the substitute. The main reason is that most people don’t like to change to something new because they might find it hard to use or switch over. Power of Suppliers:If the suppliers change the price then company in this case Nokia has a direct impact on the pricing of their products. If there are more suppliers then it is easy to change from one to another if the first one is not able to provide the services a company needs. Competitive Rivalry:Business is good where there are competitors because it gives more chance to improve and go ahead of your rivals. Nokia keep their product catalogs up-to-date and keep looking for better technologies to update its mobile and services. 3. Types of Market : There are different types of markets on which a company makes strategies to fallow and consider before releasing products. Which are discussed as below. Monopoly:Nokia as a mobile manufacturer has dominated mobiles market with its high end N-series Smartphone to its low end mobiles. It was Nokia’s intentional strategy to keep ahead with the technology to keep customers interested in its products. Duopoly:It’s a market state when two companies dominate the market. In this market Nokia is challenging HUAWEI technologies in producing 3G technology dongles because at present time there is no other company in the world expect Huawei producing 3G dongles. Oligopoly:It’s a type of market where small numbers of companies in the market collude to take control of the market prices and products. In Nokia’s case it is colluding with Sony Ericsson and Samsung to make phones which use Nokia’s mobile operating system (Symbian S60). This eliminates the use of Window’s mobile operating system and newly introduced Google’s operating system Android. Perfect Competition:It’s a market where all Companies are on a same level. Nokia as a leading manufacturer still have Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, and LG give a tough competition with products ranging from every low end user to high end tech loving customer. Internal analysis : Strategic Management of Nokia â€Å"It’s a management technique developed by Bruce Henderson for Boston Consulting Group in 1970 for assessing the long-term viability or profitability of products and market sectors. Categories include cash cows, dogs, stars, problem child or a question mark companies. †[1] Problem Child/Question mark:When a new product is launched in a promising market but it has a low market share but got potential to be a Star then a Cash cow or if everything fails it could become a Dog. In Nokia’s case its latest product from N-series Smartphone N96 is struggling to get the market share like its predecessor N95 Smartphone. Cash Cow: When a certain product’s market matures and its demand slows but it has a large market share is known as Cash Cow. Nokia has many products that reached their maturity and died away in recent days its high end Smartphone N95 reached its market demand and is slowly dying away because new technology is introduced every day. Star:It’s a new product when launched has a high market response and its sales rise. Companies like Nokia are in a search of new products which can be turned into stars and they invest money in Problem Child and Dogs to turn them in to a Star and then hope to turn them in to Cash Cow. Dog:A Dog is a product new or old market shares and sales decline very fast. In mobile industry technology changes very drastically so even a Star with bad strategy and marketing can be turned in to a Dog just as easy Strategic Management of Nokia Core competencies are activities and process performed by a company to keep ahead of the market and its competitors. â€Å"Business professors Bateman and Snell offer this answer: Simply stated, core competence is something a company does especially well relative to its competitors. †[4] Competencies of a company are things that are hard to imitate like customer loyalty etc. These Core Competencies change from time to time. In today’s market where every company is in a lose Nokia is thinking of new ways to get an edge on its competitors by introducing new services and products that are harder to imitate and trying to give most for consumers money. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: 1. Nokia has largest network of distribution and selling as compared to other mobile phone company in the world. 2. The financial aspect is very strong in case of Nokia as it has many more profitable businesses. 3. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want. 4. Nokia with wide range of products for all classes. . The re-sell value of Nokia phones are high compared to other company’s product. Weakness: 1. Some of the products are not user friendly. 2. Some of the weakness includes the price of the product offered by the company. 3. Nokia does not like to adopt change very quickly. 4. The service canters in third world countries are very few. Opportunity: 1. Nokia is also thinking of moving from mobile manufacture to personal computer manufacture. 2. As the standard of living in third world countries has increased the purchasing power of the people has increased as well 3. Nokia has to target right customer at right time to gain the most out of the situation. Threats: 1. The threats like emerging of other mobile companies in the market. 2. The new mobile operating systems from Google and Microsoft. 3. The biggest threat is not adopting new technology and putting in good use. 9 Conclusion: After writing this article I came to a conclusion that in any business successful or a newly established if not managed well and cannot take advantage of its opportunities can come to its knees. So for a business to run successfully have to man age its Competitors and threats that may affect the performance of a business.

Health Care Response to Domestic Violence Essays

Health Care Response to Domestic Violence Essays Health Care Response to Domestic Violence Paper Health Care Response to Domestic Violence Paper Domestic violence is virtually impossible to measure with absolute precision due to numerous complications including the societal stigma that inhibits victims from disclosing their abuse and the varying definitions of abuse used from study to study. Estimates range from 960,000 incidents of violence against a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend per year1 to 3. 9 million women who are physically abused per year. 2 On July 22, 1997, UNICEF released The Progress of Nations, 1997, which found that a quarter to half of women around the world have suffered violence from an intimate partner. 3 Nearly one-third of American women (31 percent) report being physically or sexually abused by a husband or boyfriend at some point in their lives, according to a 1998 Commonwealth Fund survey. 4 Thirty percent of Americans say they know a woman who has been physically abused by her husband or boyfriend in the past year. 5 While women are less likely than men to be victims of violence crimes overall, women are five to eight times more likely than men to be victimized by an intimate partner. 6 Injuries and Other Health Consequences of Domestic Violence: The U. S. Department of Justice reported that 37% of all women who sought care in hospital emergency rooms for violence-related injuries were injured by a current or former spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend. 7 Domestic violence is repetitive in nature: about 1 in 5 women victimized by their spouse or ex-spouse reported that they had been a victim of a series of at least 3 assaults in the last 6 months. 8 The level of injury resulting from domestic violence is severe: of 218 women presenting at a metropolitan emergency department with injuries due to domestic violence, 28% required hospital admission, and 13% required major medical treatment. 40% had previously required medical care for abuse. 9 In 1996, approximately, 1,800 murders were attributed to intimates; nearly three out of four of these had a female victim. 10 Costs of Domestic Violence: From 1987 to 1990, crime costs Americans $450 billion a year. Adult victims of domestic violence incurred 15% of the total cost of crime on victims ($67 billion). 11 A study conducted at Rush Medical Center in Chicago found that the average charge for medical services provided to abused women, children and older people was $1,633 per person per year. This would amount to a national annual cost of $857. 3 million. 12 A study conducted at a large health plan in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1994, found that an annual difference of $1775. 00 more was spent on abused women who utilized hospital services than on a random sample of general enrollees. The study concluded that early identification and treatment of victims and potential victims will most likely benefit health care systems in the long run. 13 Identification of Domestic Violence: 92% of women who were physically abused by their partners did not discuss these incidents with their physicians; 57% did not discuss the incidents with anyone. 14 Bibliography ebsco host: ftscp. com

whaling essays

whaling essays A wondrous tale, could the rave old whale, Of the mighty deep disclose; Of the skeleton forms, of by-gone storms, And of treasures, that no one knows. He has seen the crew, when the tempest blew. Drop down from the slippery deck, As he shook the tide, from his glassy side, And sporting mongst ocean and wreck. Sea Song, from the Journal of a Sailor. The history of whaling embodies the American spirit in its absolute form. Expansion, industrialization, innovation, self-reliance and cultural contrast are all inter-woven in this tale of America's first manufacturing industry and the first opportunities presented to men of color and foreign origin. While America's native Indians first hunted whales in canoes during the early 17th century, it wasn't until fifty years later that whaling became a organic venture off the shores of Long Island Sound and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. A the United States became the most important whaling nation of the world.@ (# 3) Look-out stations were set up along the beaches to spot Right Whales, which frequented the New England coast from October until June. When a whale was sighted, small boats carrying crews of six were sent into the waters to harpoon the whale and then Athe carcass would be brought back to the Commercial Wharf @ (# 2) where the whale blubber would be boiled and converted into crude oil. Whaling soon became a very important economic enterprise, as the oil was sold to brighten homes. Around 1690, the inhabitants of Nantucket Island recognized the likelihood economic rewards associated with the trading of whale oil. Located just 17 miles off the coast of Massachusetts, ...

Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia

Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia By Maeve Maddox The other evening I heard the word orthorexia for the first time. Its a newly coined word meaning Excessive concern with consuming a diet considered to be correct in some respect, often involving the elimination of foods or food groups supposed to be harmful to health. On the pattern of anorexia nervosa, one may now speak of orthorexia nervosa, a pathological concern with consuming a correct diet. The word anorexia has been around since 1598 with the meaning lack of appetite. An extreme form of anorexia is anorexia nervosa: pathological loss of appetite from psychic causes typically accompanied by deficiency symptoms, emaciation, and wasting and atrophic changes The new word for worrying too much about eating healthful foods was coined by Colorado MD Steven Bratman. According to Bratman, a woman named Kate Finn died of the effects of orthorexia. Dieters would do well to recall this advice from the ancients: Observe due measure, moderation is best in all things. Hesiod Moderation, the noblest gift of heaven. Euripides We should pursue and practice moderation. Plato If you want to know more about orthorexia nervosa, this Wikipedia article is a good place to begin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowWriting the CenturyDozen: Singular or Plural?

U choose a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

U choose a topic - Essay Example In the past, video games were played by teens (young adults), but today, relatively old people are seen playing the games and enjoying themselves. As of 2005, over US$ 35 billion was spent on video game consoles, handled game devices, game software, online games and mobile games. Also, new generation consoles developed by Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft, as from 2005, were projected to push up the sales to over US$ 51 billion, in 2010 (Gamble 198). The video game industry also employs people experienced in other old-fashioned businesses, but some have skills and knowledge tailored to the video game industry. For instance, a majority of recruiters target only game industry experts, which has led to numerous employment opportunities. Through this, it can be noted that this industry is a vital player in the world economy. This paper will discuss the key success factors in this industry. It will also discuss how the industry is changing and evaluate the strategies used by big players such a s Microsoft, Nintendo and Sony. Question 1 Demands in the video game industry will always be there. However, the strategies that players in this field use to market themselves are the ones that matter the most (Gamble 87). Some of the key strategies of marketing a product in this field include: marketing related, technology related, distribution related and skilled and capability related (Flew 53). The marketing of video games in the past was simple. Advertising was done by word of mouth and, at times, only steady in ads of leading video games consumer publications. However, in 1994, video game marketing became a more substantial factor such as clear advertising and a strong brand name. With regards to technology, the video game industry has the skill to develop production process for the demands and needs for the client, which, if the purchaser wants 8-bit video game, then the industry would create that type of creation. For instance, modernizers have a behavior of purchasing new s ystems, which offer vital technology improvement over present alternatives and are usually unresponsive to software availability, price breadth of distribution, brand identification and factory support (Gamble 87). Finally, with regards to skilled and capability related, the video game industry is experiencing the growth of more and more groundbreaking products over a short period of time, with organizations copying each other’s products to earn in the race to success. Even though, the vital players in this industry operated both in global and domestic markets, more success was attained on national grounds (Flew 53). Question 2 Regarded by others as an oddity in the mid-70s, the video and computer game industries have developed from centered markets to the mainstream business (Gamble 202). The industry took in almost US$9.5 billion in the United States, 11.7 billion and 25.1 billion, in 2007, 2008 and 2010, respectively. Contemporary personal computers and video game consoles owe numerous advancements and modernizations to the game industry: graphics cards, sound cards and 3D graphic accelerators, DVD-ROM and CD-ROM drives, are some of few more notable and significant improvements. Sound cards were established in order to add high and digital-quality sound to games. They were later improved and enhanced for audiophiles andmusic.Graphics cards were created for more colors, as well. As time moved

Impacts of Latest Advances in Technology on Recruitment and Selection Essay

Impacts of Latest Advances in Technology on Recruitment and Selection Process - Essay Example The intrusion of internet related technologies is visible in every segment of human life at present. Human life is rapidly entering a digital world in which all our activities are controlled by digital technologies. Communication facilities have been increased a lot as a result of the development of new technologies. It is possible for a person to communicate effectively with anybody in the world instantly with the help of modern communication technologies such as instant video chat, video calling, emails etc. Mobile phone technologies and global positioning technologies have improved a lot so that it is possible to locate a person instantly with the help of GPS tracking. Apart from mobile phone technologies, the development of modern technologies such as social networks, web 2.0 and e-methods have impacted businesses and organizations in one way or other. These technologies are used extensively in sales, marketing, advertising, recruitment etc by organizations. â€Å"Recruitment is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It is crucial to organisational performance† (Recruitment: an overview, 2012). ... Social networks and other modern internet related technologies have changed the entire concept of recruitment in many ways. This paper analyses the technology oriented recruitment process in general and the advantages and disadvantages of such recruitment methods specifically. Technology oriented recruitment process (Gogari, 2011) â€Å"The buzzword and the latest trends in recruitment is the â€Å"E-Recruitment†. Also known as â€Å"Online recruitment†, it is the use of technology or the web based tools to assist the recruitment process† (E-Recruitment, 2007). Social networks and web 2.0 are used extensively as the major tools in e-recruitment. The popularity of social networks in daily life is growing day by day. In fact nobody-even the founders of social networks- anticipated such a huge success to these networks when they introduced it in the internet world. It should be noted that even Google and Microsoft like big companies failed to anticipate the challeng es raised by social networks like Facebook now. Facebook addiction is growing everywhere now and people started to use it for everything now. Organizations and business groups identified the potentials of social networks in doing business and they started to communicate with people in different ways using social networks. â€Å"On some of the sites such as Facebook, a person’s age, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, religion, and political affiliation are frequently available† (Dr. Dodaro, n. d). It is easy for the employers to go through the profiles of millions of profiles created in social networks to decide whether a candidate is suitable for their job requirements or not. If found suitable recruiters can contact job seekers instantly, with the help of the contact details provided

The New Product Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The New Product Marketing Strategy - Essay Example They are assembled from imported parts from various regions of the world. However, principal design works were done particularly at Sony’s research facilities in Japan. The brand name is not only used in Televisions but also on other products such mobile phones. Sony used Bravia as a brand name to emphasize the quality of their television products that were believed to have a high resolution in the market (Morrison & MacMillan 2007, p. 65). In 2014, the name Bravia evolved from being just a brand name of being a subsidiary of Sony. The mother company Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation based in Japan (Tracy 2014, p. 49). The Corporation is a diversified business with a primary focus on the production of electronics (TV, gaming consoles, refrigerators). It is noted the Bravia has a wide range of television products and other such as accessories, mobile phones, Green TV Sony Bravia Internet T vans Video. Its television products have outstanding features which include: a full HD LED Display (1920 * 1080), X-Reality PRO Picture Engine, Motion flow XR 200, Smart TV with Built-in Wi-Fi, easy Wall mount solution as well as USB Recording and Playback (Morrison & MacMillan 2007, p. 87). The company recently launched a new Bravia TV, namely Android TV which has actually revolutionized the clients viewing experience. Android TV has enhanced pictures, beautiful design, and innovative control. This product has 4K Processor which enable it has stunning picture quality. It has inbuilt precision detail enhancer, precision mapping that let it brings out lifelike colors, as well as dynamic contrast enhancer. As in any business, the success of a particular business lies within the ability of the management to position itself strategically and so establish the products or services being offered (Cavinato & Flynn 2006, 78). Additionally, Arnold

Seminar Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seminar Question - Essay Example Simply put, if you promise that you will do something for another person and in return, that person agrees to pay you something, then you and that person have made a contract. A contract can be in verbal or written form but the most important thing is that there would be an agreement especially between two parties. Likewise, according to the labour laws of many countries, both the worker and the employee are bound by certain statutory regulations that would ensure that no party will breach the agreed contract. Indeed, when a person has decided to enter into an agreement with someone, both parties should have a common ground of understanding of the nature of the contract they would be agreeing upon so as to avoid conflict and misunderstanding in the future. Thus, the case involving Will Bearing can be attributed to as unfair dismissal or termination of contract as a result of foreseen circumstances that were meant to benefit the foreman but which he apparently refused to endorse as a driver. The foreman wanted Will Bearing to falsify a tachograph reading in the lorry which he was to drive but he refused which led to an altercation between the two leading to a fight. Unfortunately, the consequences led to Will’s dismissal without notice and he was denied any representation. Legally, he is entitled to be represented in such a situation under the terms of agreement in the contract. His dismissal is unfair as well as the allegations of subsequent discovery that Will had been pilfering with some of the loads which he carried. This could have been brought to his attention before his dismissal if that could have been the case. One thing that is disturbing and unfair in Will’s dismissal is that he has not been given the reason fo r instant termination of his contract and he stands better chances of winning his case in the court of law. In the event of a successful claim, Will stands better chances of being reinstated to his

Healtha nd social services and policy issuese Essay

Healtha nd social services and policy issuese - Essay Example Organizations offering such services seek to facilitate minimizing the monetary burden by hindering the obligation imposed on the local authorities by relatively more expensive residential care services. The organizations offering domiciliary care services to the targeted group of clients need to be efficient and prompt in delivery of services, considering the nature and scope of their duties and hence active steps need to be taken to ensure effective service delivery, provision of high quality services, and satisfying the health needs of the individuals relying on their services, in the best possible manner. This paper on Health and Social Care services and Policy Issues is aimed at analyzing and investigating issues concerning productivity of the private domiciliary care services and develop means and alternatives in the form of effective policies and practices to combat the various challenges posed. This paper also seeks to look at the prospective alternatives and choose the best possible solution for improving and enhancing organizational productivity by taking into consideration performance management issues along with other key issues concerning labor efficiency, availability of skilled labor, finances available for provision of efficient services etc. Domiciliary care services that offer adult community care comprises of a varied range of services which are designed, developed and delivered in affiliation with a host of essential factors including service users, carers, healthcare providers as well as other social groups and suppliers belonging to the constitutional and autonomous sectors. These services are designed to fulfill the assessment needs of a considerable portion of population, comprising of individuals, families, as well as communities as a whole which are in dire need of availing support, personal health care and protection. Such services are chiefly intended to endorse and safeguard the vulnerable

Seminar Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seminar Question - Essay Example Simply put, if you promise that you will do something for another person and in return, that person agrees to pay you something, then you and that person have made a contract. A contract can be in verbal or written form but the most important thing is that there would be an agreement especially between two parties. Likewise, according to the labour laws of many countries, both the worker and the employee are bound by certain statutory regulations that would ensure that no party will breach the agreed contract. Indeed, when a person has decided to enter into an agreement with someone, both parties should have a common ground of understanding of the nature of the contract they would be agreeing upon so as to avoid conflict and misunderstanding in the future. Thus, the case involving Will Bearing can be attributed to as unfair dismissal or termination of contract as a result of foreseen circumstances that were meant to benefit the foreman but which he apparently refused to endorse as a driver. The foreman wanted Will Bearing to falsify a tachograph reading in the lorry which he was to drive but he refused which led to an altercation between the two leading to a fight. Unfortunately, the consequences led to Will’s dismissal without notice and he was denied any representation. Legally, he is entitled to be represented in such a situation under the terms of agreement in the contract. His dismissal is unfair as well as the allegations of subsequent discovery that Will had been pilfering with some of the loads which he carried. This could have been brought to his attention before his dismissal if that could have been the case. One thing that is disturbing and unfair in Will’s dismissal is that he has not been given the reason fo r instant termination of his contract and he stands better chances of winning his case in the court of law. In the event of a successful claim, Will stands better chances of being reinstated to his

KIEU ESSAY-THEME 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KIEU -THEME 2 - Essay Example He contradicts his position of morality as at one point he is immoral and some other point he is moral. The character Thuc Ky Tam portrays the theme of immorality in ‘the tales of Kieu’. It is evident throughout the old story narrated in the poem. Thuc Ky Tam is at first introduced in the story to be the top manager of a brothel. As known to the public at large, brothels are place where immorality is practiced at its highest levels. For such a person to be in charge of a brothel, more at the time this poem was publicized, he had to be immoral. In spite of Thuc Ky Tam’s actions later in the story, he carries on the shameful deeds of individuals who maintained visiting the brothel. Thuc is one person who was well bred and educated and was supposed to defend women rather than indulging in immoral acts with them. This defilement act portrays the character of Thuc to be obviously immoral man. The family of Thuc can be described to be well bred and well to do as they ha d a trading shop. Thuc at his early ages was a man of passion as sings of Kieu’s beauty from the moment he saw her. He made it his initiative to persuade and make her fall in love with him for which he accomplished (Nguyen, pp.69). He first saw Kieu in the brothel at her place of work and where Thuc was a manager. They went on to see each other on many instances and their relationship looked to be more intimate than being casual. Visible closeness existed between the two that portrayed to true lovers. Thuc expressed his emotions to Kieu who answered back by professing her love to him. Nevertheless, Kieu’s current and past job was a stumbling block as she knew it could not be ignored. Thuc was a married man and this was a challenge to their relationship with Kieu as they could not get into a union of marriage. It also barred them from carrying out their relationship outside the brothel. Kiev talked about the wife of Thuc, "But if the lady lords over you, I shall be toss ed to her, your lioness" This did not shake Thuc as their situations that grew worse rather made them stronger in love. The character of Thuc makes a turn at this juncture when what he feels for Kieu makes him liberate move away form the brothel. Thuc does this by paying Dame Tu, madam at the brothel which showed that he held to his words by honoring his promise. Kiev and Thuc continued in their relationship as married partners with Thuc looking after his wife and life became enjoyable. This is contrary to one’s expectation of an affair between a man who was frequent in brothels and a prostitute. One’s expectation may be that the two would at one time renounce the life they live and turn into a new leaf. Nevertheless, their relationship looked so comfortable and normal that there could be an end. The character of Thuc transforms to man of good deeds and one may attempt to deliver him from his past sins of prostitution and frequenting brothels. His father who has been a way is responsible for stereotyping the play in this love story of Thuc and Kieu. He warns them that Thuc should take Kieu back to where she worked as a prostitute or judgment awaits them for making a mistake of living together while Thuc was still in another union. The two opted for the worse by waiting for the judgment as they continued to live together. What trouble his father was that Thuc had chosen a prostitute for a wife and this tarnished the family name. Thuc and Kieu face judgment and at the start, the case was against Kieu who had

Philosophy of Truth Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Truth Essay There are many theories on the meaning of truth, and with those theories come beliefs and questions as to why one is more adequate than the others. The theory that I will discuss as the most adequate is the correspondence theory. Honestly, I dont possess the capabilities to fully determine the most sufficient theory of truth. I do, however, have empirical evidence and solid reasoning to support the correspondence theory. There are many valid arguments and questions of this theory that I am not qualified to completely refute. For the sake of this essay I am only able to continue this age old discussion, not to conclude with an exact theory of truth to follow. First I will introduce the basic ideas of the correspondence theory and then I will show why I support these ideas. Then I will present what some other philosophers have said in regards to the correspondence theory and how I interpret these statements. To end, I will discuss the basic arguments against the correspondence theory, and show reasons as to why these arguments are applicable to any theory. The concept of the correspondence theory says that a statement is true only if the facts given match up with reality. (Solomon p. 268) This can be a very simple approach to determining the truth. The basic idea is that if, based on my understanding of reality, the statement given matches that reality then the statement is true. If the statement does not correspond to reality then it is false. A statement is a sentence that can be determined to be true or false but not both at the same time. So ultimately I use past experiences and beliefs to determine my concept of reality. Then, based on my idea of reality, I determine if a statement is either true or false. To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, or of what is not that it is not, is true (Solomon p 268) This was Aristotles belief in Metaphysics and seems to be a very clear-cut statement on how to determine truth. Either a statement is true or false. The law of contradiction says that a statement and its denial cannot both be true. (Solomon p. 266) This reinforces the belief that a statement cannot be true and false at the same time. As Aristotle also said in Metaphysics It is impossible for the same man to suppose at the same time that the same thing is and is not. (Solomon p 266) This however, as some still argue, does not solve the problem that what may true to one, may be false to another. If reality is based on my experiences, then having different experiences can cause different perceptions of reality. The argument of whom or what would determine the final truth is well beyond my qualifications. This can cause a contradiction of truth. This contradiction, based on an individuals idea of reality, is another concept that I am able to only understand and take a position. I do not have the final answers to these arguments but I do have a perspective. An individuals concept of reality is unique to that individual. Based on ones experiences comes that persons concept of reality. Just because someones experiences cause them to believe one truth, doesnt mean they are wrong if I believe another truth. This idea of reality is what causes philosophers to discuss different theories of truth and their credibilitys on many different levels. These extreme cases and abstract ideas is where the correspondence theory draws in the critics. I feel that some of these arguments, though valid, are applicable to any theory. The first argument of this theory roots from the name itself. This argument of the correspondence theory states that there is no such thing as a statement or belief that by itself is capable of corresponding to anything. (Solomon p268) This means that mainly because our words have different meanings in different languages there is not one single statement that can correspond to anything. I feel that this is a weak argument in that it would mean that nothing can be true. There are many different languages and there is no single word I know of that is universal. This argument could be applied to any theory of truth. If what I say is not true to everyone, then it is false. That seems to be the basis of this argument and because of this belief nothing could be true. To me that is an outrageous and un-realistic argument. The next point critics of the correspondence theory make is that there in some cases may be physical implications with verifying correspondence. One example of this for me may be my diabetes. If I say my blood sugar is low the only way to verify if that is true is through the use of my glucose meter. Without the correct equipment there is no way to tell if that statement is true. (At least until Im in a coma! ). To me this still seems to have a simple solution; the truth isnt known until it can be verified. I truly do not know if my blood sugar is low until I have tested it. This may cause me to have to rely on another persons statement but then I can only form an opinion. If I cannot verify the truth physically then I do not know if it is true. This brings up the next argument. The final point I will talk about is that of abstract ideas. Some people will argue that the correspondence theory does not work for abstract ideas, such as love and feelings. These are difficult to verify since they are mostly feelings. There is no concrete source to match them up with. To find the truth in these areas is very difficult with any theory of truth. The best answer I have to counter this objection is that the truth to these abstract ideas is unique to every individual and is really more of an opinion. If someone says I am hungry that is really more of an opinion than a statement. Therefore these claims cannot be either true or false, they are a feeling and that is not for me to judge as truth or not. This leads me to conclude that the correspondence theory is the most adequate theory for determining truth. As long as a belief or statement corresponds with my perception of reality then it is the truth. Though there are valid arguments against this theory I feel that they are a stretch and can be argued against any theory of truth. Bibliography Solomon, Robert, Introducing Philosophy, 8th edition, (Oxford University Press, NY 2005) pp266-279.

Research on the aims and purposes of counselling

Research on the aims and purposes of counselling Counselling is an interactive learning process contracted between the counsellor and the client. The overall aim is to provide the client with the opportunity to work in self defined ways, towards living in more satisfying and resourceful ways as individuals and as members of the broader society [Hough 1998]. Clients need to feel safe and secure for them to explore and develop an insight to their issues and concerns. For the clients to explore and resolve their issues with the counsellor a strong therapeutic alliance based on trust, empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard needs to be established. The counselling environment needs to be comfortable and well suited to a range of client types so that the client can feel safe. Making a therapeutic contract, setting goals and targets, discussing confidentiality issues can help the client feel safe. This essay will discuss the aims purposes of counselling in some detail, followed by the importance and benefits of a safe counselling environment for the client in his or her exploration. Some limitations of the counsellor will be discussed and finally, referral issues will be considered. The European Association for counselling [in Hough 1998] defines counselling and its aims and purposes in the following way: Counselling is an interactive learning process contracted between the counsellor and the client, be they individuals, families, groups or institutions, which approach in a holistic way, social, cultural economic and / or emotional issues. Counselling may be concerned with addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crisis, improving relationships, developmental issues, promoting and developing personal awareness, working with feelings, thoughts, perceptions and internal or external conflict. The overall aim is to provide clients with the opportunities to work in self defined ways, towards living in more satisfying and resourceful ways as individuals and as members of the broader society Further detailed aims and purposes of counselling as defined by McLeod [2003] are: Insight, relating with others, self awareness, self acceptance, self actualization, enlightenment, problem solving, psychological education, acquisition of social skills, cognitive and systematic change, empowerment, restitution, Generativity and social action. Insight refers the acquisition of an understanding of the origins and development of emotional difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take rational control over feelings and actions. Relating with others means becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace. Self-awareness allows a person to be more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others. Self-acceptance is important for the development of a positive attitude towards self, marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the subject of self-criticism and rejection. Self-actualization or individuation, a core impetus of the person centred theory allows the client to move in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts of self Enlightenment is helpful in assi sting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual awakening. Problem-solving implies finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been able to resolve alone. Psychological education will enable the client to acquire ideas and techniques with which to understand and control behaviour. Acquiring social skills is related to learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact, turn-taking in conversations, assertiveness or anger control. Cognitive change is also one of the aims of counselling. Cognitive change refers to the modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or maladaptive thought patterns associated with self-destructive behaviour and Behaviour change which is the modification or replacement of maladaptive or self destructive patterns of behaviour [McLeod 2003]. Person centred counselling focuses on the client. In person centred counselling, the counsellor does not direct or in any way manipulate the couns elling it is all about empowering the client to find and choose the best way forward Creating a warm and safe physical environment is an essential stepping-stone to building a strong therapeutic alliance. Paying attention to meeting, greeting and seating are all helpful in helping the client to feel safe. For counselling to be effective, the counsellor needs to work at building a relationship. This is very important especially in the early stages when the client may be feeling vulnerable and insecure, and bearing in mind that it is usual for the client to meet the counsellor on unfamiliar territory for example the counsellors consulting room. Striving to keep the room neutral, in other words free from personal belongings such as books, ornaments and family photographs, is a positive step that counsellors can take to reduce the equality gap [Sutton Stewart 2002]. Sutton Stewart [2002] writes that barriers such as desks should also be avoided, and chairs should be uniform and placed approximately three to four feet apart and slightly at an angle. Being in direct eye contact with the counsellor can leave some clients feeling very uncomfortable or embarrassed. Sutton Stewart [2002] mentions other details of the room for example, a small clock needs to be positioned where the counsellor can glance at it, and attention should be paid to the lighting, and room temperature. A box of tissues placed where the client can easily reach them is a must, and a vase of fresh flowers or a potted plant can add a touch of warmth and colour to the setting, and reflect something of your personality. With the clients permission, the counsellor may tape the sessions and this should be set up ready to use. However, it should be pointed out that emotional barriers are far more potent that physical ones. Even if all the physical surroundings are perfect, the client still might not feel at ease if the counsellor and client are not in rapport. Sutton Stewart [2002] argue that addressing clients by their first name can go a long way towards helping them feel comfortable and accepted. Introducing yourself by your first name can help to break down the barriers of inequality. However, do not assume that because you are feel comfortable being on first name terms that all people are. Ask the client how they want you to address them. The counsellors opening sentence should be empathic and your posture should demonstrate to the client that you are ready to listen: Some clients who seek counselling have been badly let down, hurt or abused by other people, and trust may therefore be a major issue. Trust is something that has to be earned by the counsellor and it can be hard work. However, developing the skills of active listening; accurate, sensitive responding; reflecting feelings; empathy; genuineness; and demonstrating that you are fully present for the client can help to establish a solid foundation of trust. Indeed, the more t he counsellor invests in the relationship, the stronger the trust and bond grows between client and counsellor. Trusting the counsellor will help the client feel safe and will aid him or her in self exploration and insight. Establishing clear boundaries [the ground rules for counselling] is another important stepping stone to building the therapeutic alliance and helping the client feel safe. Boundaries may include agreement over such things such as the duration of counselling, length of counselling sessions, limits of confidentiality, appropriate touching, number and duration of phone calls, sending and responding to emails, or strategies for managing episodes of self-harm or suicidal thoughts. The terms on which counselling is being offered should be made clear to clients before counselling commences; These may be agreed verbally, or they may be set out in a formal written contract between counsellor and client, and signed by both parties. Subsequent revision of these terms should be agreed in advance of any change. Clear contracting enhances, and shows respect for, the clients autonomy [Sutton Stewart 2002]. A contract helps to ensure the professional nature of the relationship and may, in addition to the ground rules already mentioned, include: Venue, fees, frequency of sessions, how counselling will be evaluated, process of referral, if and when necessary, broad details of the counselling relationship, duties and responsibilities of each party, details of the counsellors supervision, goals of counselling, means by which the goals will be achieved, the provision and completion of homework, the setting of boundaries and expectations, the terms of the therapeutic relationship, provision for renegotiation of contract [Sutton Stewart 2002]. It is important to end sessions on time. This helps the client feel safe. When a session is nearing an end, it can be helpful to say something like: We have about 10 minutes left of this session. Perhaps it would be helpful to summarise what we have talked about today. It can often prove beneficial to let your client summarise what has been discussed during the session. Something like, What will you take away with you from today? helps the client to summarise. Your closing sentences need to be clear, and should indicate that its time to end the session [Sutton Stewart 2002]. Just as a safe environment is important for the client to explore and share his or her issues, a strong therapeutic relationship based on trust, empathy and unconditional positive regard is as important. The counsellor must unconditionally accept the clients as whom they are in order for a trusting relationship to establish. Empathy and understanding is shown through careful listening. Egan [1986] explains the importance of empathic listening and says that a helper cannot communicate an understanding of a clients world without getting in touch with that world through empathetic listening. Therefore empathy centres on the kind of attending, observing and listening. Rogers defines empathic listening in the following way: It means entering the private perceptual world of the other and becoming thoroughly at home in it. It involves being sensitive, moment by moment, to the changing felt meanings which flow in this other person, to the fear or rage or tenderness or confusion or whatever he or she is experiencing. It means temporarily living in the others life moving about in it delicately without making judgments [Rogers p142 in Egan 1986 p88]. Limitations to the counsellor Counsellors face limitations in their profession as well as during the therapeutic process. Sometimes, the practitioner may feel a strong urge to help the person, by listening to their story and perhaps trying to help them to come to terms with what has happened. This is a very caring response, but there are times when it may not represent the best course of action. If a person has been assaulted in childhood, the resulting sense of lack of trust, and perhaps self-hatred, may permeate many aspects of the persons life. Talking through all of that may take a long time, may involve strong emotions, and requires a great deal of persistence and consistency on the part of the counsellor. Any practitioner faced with such a situation needs to consider whether they are capable, in terms of the time they can give, and their confidence and competence as a counsellor, to accompany their client on such a journey. Starting on such a journey, and then pulling back, clearly has the potential for hur t. At the same time, ignoring what the client has said about their abuse, for fear of getting in over my head also has the potential for hurt or harm [McLeod 2007]. Another set of issues around counsellor competence arises from what might be described as temporary impairment. For example, a counsellor who has recently experienced the loss of a close family member is unlikely to be much help to someone with a bereavement issue. A counsellor who is burnt out, stressed or tired is unlikely to be in a good position to offer ongoing help to someone. Being aware of ones limits as a counsellor is very important in these regards [McLeod 2007]. Counsellor competence, ability and experience are clearly some main limitations. A counsellor will be trained and experienced in psychodynamic or couple counselling but may not be able to help with a client suffering from recurrent depression or any other psychological problem, which is why counsellors need to have a list of contact to refer the clien ts should they need to. Referral issues There are specialist agencies working in the areas of mental health, marital distress, eating disorders, sexual abuse, and many others. If the counsellor cannot help a particular individual, he may refer them on. There may be various reasons for referring on. It may emerge that someones problem would be better addressed through couple counselling or in group therapy. It may become very clear that the client wants a particular kind of therapy. The counsellor may think of a colleague whose experience and/or orientation closely matches the needs of the client. The counsellor may feel that a counsellor of the opposite sex, or someone older, or someone who can speak another language may be more appropriate for the client. For example, the client may have clear signs of an obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the counsellor may realize that medication and behaviour therapy may be appropriate for the client than psychodynamic counselling. A woman client may tell the counsellor that she is being beaten by her husband and the counsellor may suggest that she seeks a refuge. Since some people perceive counselling as a kind of befriending; the counsellor may have to refer this kind of person on to a befriending scheme. Some people, on the other hand, may be afraid of doctors and believe that counselling is what they need. The counsellor may have to encourage t hem gently to see a doctor [perhaps helping them to explore their fears but without trying to substitute for medical attention]. A client may not be able to afford services for very long and the counsellor may not offer a free counselling service [Dryden 2006]. In all of the mentioned circumstances, the client may be referred to an appropriate agency Being willing and able to refer individuals to other sources of help is an essential competence for any practitioner who is offering counselling. McLeod [2007] mentions some reasons why referral would be important the client may be referred if he or she needs more time than the counsellor is able to give or more frequent meetings; is primarily looking for practical information and advice, rather than an opportunity to talk things through; describes problems in living that the counsellor believes are beyond his or her capacity to work with; might gain a lot from making use of a specialist agency where there are practitioners available who have a wealth of knowledge and experience in relation to the type of problem the person has described; is involved in a prior relationship with the counsellor that would be incompatible with the creation of a secure and confidential counselling space [McLeod 2007]. When the counsellor is aware of his or her own particular strong feelings in the counselling situation, this may indicate feelings that the client has difficulty recognizing or dealing with, or the feelings may belong to the counsellor. The counsellor may need to work through his or her own issues and may need to refer the client on. Another reason why the client may be referred is because of avoiding dual roles and relationships. Dual relationships occur when counsellors assume two [or more] relationships simultaneously or sequentially with a client. Dual relations can be exploitative and do serious harm both to the client and to the professional. For example, becoming emotionally or sexually involved with a current client is unethical, unprofessional, and illegal. Forming dual roles and relationship is harmful as there is a potential for misusing power, exploiting the client and impairing objectivity. Therefore if the practising counsellor is in another relationship with the client, the counsellor will refer the client to another counsellor [Corey G 2009] McLeod [2007] also mentions the important aspects of referral. The key steps in the referral process, for a counsellor, are: [1] knowing what alternative resources are available; [2] engaging the person in a discussion around the possibility of seeing someone else; and [3] making the referral and managing the passing over stage. This essay has attempted to discuss some important issues in counselling and psychotherapy. The aims and purposes of counselling have been discussed including empathetic listening and its importance. The counselling environment must be safe for the client to feel comfortable in exploring and reflecting on his or her personal issues. Not only physical safety is important, psychological and emotional safety is also very important. For example, the counsellor must strive to develop a therapeutic relationship with the client based on trust, empathy, warmth and support conveying the core conditions. Limitations to the counsellor or indeed to its process is related to counsellor competence, how much is the counsellor is experienced, emotionally and educationally, to help and assist the client is a major issue. If circumstances occur when the counsellor is not competent, or the type of psychotherapy the counsellor is offering is not suited for the client the counsellor needs to refer the cl ient to an appropriate agency.

What Factors Affect the Rate of Reaction Between Magnesium and Hydrochl

Science Coursework – What factors effect the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid? Background Knowledge There are four factors that can affect the rate of reaction and they all rely on the collision theory. This is basically how hard and how often particles collide with each other. The more and harder they collide, the faster the reaction time will be. If the acid is made more concentrated there are more particles, which means collisions are more likely. So, the higher the concentration, the quicker the reaction time is. Temperature also affects the rate of reaction. If the temperature is increased, the particles move quicker so more collisions happen. This means the higher the temperature, the quicker the reaction time. Adding a catalyst increase...

Mobile Phone Security

This fact sheet has been developed for the Consumer Education Program by the Communications Commission of Kenya. It was compiled by studying material from various authoritative sources and adopting what Is universally acceptable and relevant to the Kenya situation. The fact sheet is intended to enable Consumers have a good understanding of the issues discussed and hence empower them when making decisions regarding CIT products and services. Introduction One of the biggest threats that a mobile phone user faces today Is loss or theft of the phone.Not only Is the mobile valued as a physical device, the phone may contain personal and financial data stored in the handset or in the phones subscriber identity module (SIMI card). While a stolen SIMI can be barred by a mobile network once the theft has been reported it Is a bit harder to bar the handset from being used with different SIMI card. Unless the user had protected his personal Information with a PIN prior to the theft or loss of th e phone, this data can be accessed by unauthorized persons. Mobile phone users normally store a wide range of information on their phones.This information can either be stored in the phone's Internal or external memory (depending on the make and model of the phone) or In the SIMI card. The SIMI card Is used mainly to store contacts and short messages while the phone's memory is used to store information such as personal photos, emails, and calendar items. In order to prevent unauthorized persons from using the phone and further gaining access to the stored Information, some mobile phones have security features which the user can activate. This fact sheet has been developed to address security of the information stored and what to do should you lose the phone.Securing the information stored. There are at least two methods one can use to secure the Information stored on a mobile phone. These are: a) SIMI lock This method takes advantage of the SIMI card as a storage element to secure private Information associated with the subscriber. The subscriber uses a PIN number which is mostly a four digit code which should only be known to him and is always prompted by the mobile phone every time the SIMI card is inserted into the phone. It Is an effective method since even If the subscriber looses the SIMI card the other person cannot access any information stored on it. Phone lock Mobile phone security This method takes advantage of a password to lock the mobile phone such that access to the phone's functions can only be permitted upon input of the correct password. An eight-digit code is more secure than a four-digit code. Most phones also have an inbuilt an automatic phone lock system which kicks In after a stipulated time period e. G. 30 seconds when activated which Is mostly used as a keypad lock and subscribers are advised to take advantage of this features to enhance the security setting AT tenet phones. N more nana el n a evolves Delve capable AT achieving emails , security especially of corporate email with sensitive internal and external data has become a major concern. This means that mobile handsets hold data which previously only resided in computers. Since this method is more effective and protects more information than the first, subscribers are advised to always lock their phones especially if they hold any sensitive information. Safeguarding your Handset Some of the ways to keep your mobile safe include: ; ; ; Keep your phone safe and out of sight.Only give your number to your friends and people you trust. Avoid using your phone in the street. If you need to call someone in a public place, be discrete and be somewhere where you can see what is happening around you. Use a PIN code to lock your phone. If you're walking alone put your phone on silent or vibrate mode so your ring tone doesn't draw attention to you. Be alert while walking and testing at the same time. Security-mark your phone with a unique code. The best place is underne ath the battery.Many mobile phones are stolen in public places such as cinemas, pubs and nightclubs, especially when they are left on a bar, table or on a seat, so don't leave your phone in such places unattended. Don't leave your phone unattended in a car – if you must, put it out of sight and turn it off or switch to silent mode. It takes seconds for a thief to smash a window and enter a car. For a Bluetooth or Wi-If enabled phone install antivirus software to help guard against harmful programs or viruses. For the sake of the safety of very young children; always keep the phone out of their reach.Avoid making easily identifiable entries in the phone e. G. ‘mum' or ‘dad' for the security of such persons should the phone be lost. There are other methods of securing your phone that are dependent on the genealogy that the phone is based on. The two main technologies used for the provision of mobile services are GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Phones based on these two technologies connect to their respective networks differently, so the security features differ slightly. Mobile phone security Your GSM Phone's Unique Equipment Identification Number Each GSM mobile phone has a unique electronic serial number called the MIME (International Mobile Equipment Identification) number, which can be identified by the GSM network. It is a 15-digit number programmed into the handset and also written is at the back of the handset, under the battery. On most GSM handsets, it can De Oligopoly on ten managers screen Day pressing ten Key sequence using the keypad, when the phone is switched on.Upon purchase of a mobile handset, users are advised to record their MIME number for use in case the mobile phone is lost or stolen. Your mobile phone service provider can liaise with the police regarding a lost or stolen handset and, if found, your handset will be identified using the MIME. Thieves are deterred fr om stealing mobile phones by MIME blocking. Blocking an MIME on a mobile phone network prevents a GSM mobile phone from being used with any SIMI on any Kenya GSM network. Mobile carriers are able to block the use of customers' lost or stolen mobile phones and unblock recovered mobile phones on their network.They have also agreed to exchange their lists of blocked and unblocked MIME numbers with other mobile carriers so these can also be processed (blocked/unblocked) on all mobile networks. The CDMA phone unique electronic identification number CDMA phones also have a unique electronic identification number, the Electronic Serial Number (SENSE). This number can be found on the back of the CDMA handset under the battery and usually has eight digits, combining letters and numbers. Users are advised tap record this number for identification purposes in case the phone is lost or stolen.Hidden battery power Some mobile phones are designed to reserve battery power. If the cell battery is v ery low and the user is expecting an important call or is confronted by an emergency situation, and doesn't have a charger at that moment, one can activate this reserve battery power. To activate, press the keys *3370#, the cell phone will restart with this serve and the instrument will show a significant increase in battery power. This reserve will get replenished the next time one charges their cell phone.However it should be noted that this only works on some phones. What to do if one's mobile handset is lost or stolen If the user's mobile phone is lost or stolen, the user is advised to contact their mobile phone service provider immediately to suspend service and prevent unauthorized calls being made and billed to the user. If one has a GSM mobile phone, the provider will 3 Mobile phone security block the subscriber's SIMI card and MIME number to prevent heir phone from being used on all Kenya mobile networks.

Nature of Partnerships Essay

Nature of Partnerships When starting a business, it can be with a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or as a company. A partnership is the most popular and the easiest to form. Partnerships combine individual talents and skills together for a hopefully successful business enterprise venture. Man has realized that it is easier to do something with the help of others than singly. Partners, also, provide a greater chance of obtaining equity capital for their business venture, while sharing the risks that go along with a rapidly growing business. There are basically three types of partnerships: the general artnership, the limited partnership, and the limited liability partnership. This paper discusses the general partnership. The definition of a partnership is â€Å"the association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit . † Partnerships may be formed as a formal agreement or informally with a handshake. Either way, a partnership agreement should be written up with all the aspects of the partnership covered. Once the partnership agreement is filled out and agreed on by all partners, each partner will need to sign stating they are in agreement. A artnership agreement helps to alleviate any conflicts that may arise at any future date. When accounting for a partnership, it will depend on the accounting method stated in the partnership agreement. If any noncash assets were contributed, these will need to be assigned a fair value. Any noncash assets brought to the partnership are the property of the partnership . Each partner investing capital will have to be agreed upon by all partners. This investment will determine the ratio or percentage of net profit or loss to be divided between each partner. If there is no ratio or ercentage stated in the partnership agreement, then everything is divided equally. When setting up the accounting for the business, most accounting methods have multiple accounts for each partner. These accounts are the capital account, which shows the initial investment of each partner, the drawing account, showing any withdrawals taken over a years’ time, and the loan account, where partners can take a loan from the business. The capital account can be maintained in two different ways: the fluctuating capital method or the fixed capital method . The division of net profit equally. To account for this division, say S, T, and U decided to set up a partnership. S contributes $40,000, T contributes $30,000, and U contributes $30,000. This would be a ratio of 4:3:3. The total contributed to the partnership is $100,000. Profit for the first year is $300,000. Because the ratio is 4:3:3, S’s net capital would be $120,000. T and Us net capital would be $90,000 each, for a total of $300,000. If the partnership decides to add a partner, whatever was determined in the partnership agreement will determine what steps to take for adding this new partner. Adding a new partner normally adds profitability. If the partners decide to cease operations, there are two alternatives to help them decide which approach is better for the business: liquidation or dissolution. â€Å"Liquidation refers to the complete sale of the business’ assets and dissolution refers to the closure of a business, often on voluntary terms of the business owner. Liquidation means that the business is closing its doors and liquidating all noncash assets and liabilities. Dissolution may mean that the partnership is dissolving and a new partnership, another partnership or business is buying out the business, or the business is dissolving. When considering dissolution, there are two types, a technical dissolution and a general dissolution . A technical dissolution is when there is a change in the composi tion of the business. A general dissolution is a complete dissolution or winding up of the partnership and the business. The dissolution may result with a mutual agreement of all partners, a partner being served notice, a court order, fraud, misrepresentation, or illegal activity, or where the business is not making a profit. Whether liquidating or winding up a business, transactions to process are the collection of receivables, conversion of oncash assets to cash, payments to creditors, liabilities closed out, and the remaining distribution of net balance to the partners, in cash . When starting a business with a partnership, it is with the intent purpose of longevity.

Impact of Media on Society’s Perception Essay

Introduction Mass media has advanced in terms of its expanse of reach in terms of technological innovations in the last few decades. With such expansion, representations of array of layers of portrayals and illustrations in all fields from the media have also risen (Klapper, 1950).   The movie industry in the United States had been one of the top exporters and income-generating areas of the country (Akre & Wilson, 2006). Its vast influence on the contemporary society conducts a huge impact on how the society is to internalize every movie by which they are able to watch.     Given the fact that movies vary in theme, in the message which it plans to convey, the 21st Century masses are believed to be in a state of threat on the increase of violence and other lawful circumstance which now places the world at the stake of conviction over what to watch, and what to make the children watch (Sharma & Dlouhy, 2004). Technological advancement The presence of mass media as a tool of communication has increased largely because of the technological innovations consistently being introduced not only in advancing the productivity rate of media organizations but also in expanding the capacity of the various media outlets to include a wider range of topics (Hudson, 1986). With this expansion, the subjects incorporated into the mass media has also been augmented (Graber, 1980) such that former topics that were once rarely untouched have now been constantly infused with unceasing publicity such as those that tackle Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Media as an information tool Contemporary trends in the media have not also failed to divulge into matters that concern individuals in various ways. Television documentaries as well as scholarly journals and entertainment publications have been constant players in bringing forth the issues that revolve around the lives of those who dwell and depend much on what they ought to see on the television. Apart from all these, advertisements have contributed largely to the depiction of the image of various women in a broad number of societies and fields of interest (Wortzel & Frisbie, 1974). Effect of media to women It is a fact that the media, in general, has procured a large number of specific portrayals of women that vary according to their age, national background, educational attainments and several other factors. Although there are articles claiming that the media has no role in the development of the women’s self-esteem (Wright, 1975), there is wide agreement among a number of researches showing that the media, indeed, brings both positive as well as negative effects on a woman’s self-image (Klapper, 1950).   By utilizing these studies that support the idea of the media harboring consequences to women, we can further proceed with the assessment on the effects of media by using the general argument that the media plays a contributive role in the creation of destructive self-images on the part of female individuals. Given the fact that women are the â€Å"most exposed† audience, the crucial points mentioned have been the center of several researches and studies that aim at shedding light and understanding on the consequences brought about by these media portrayals to women in general (Burd, 1939). Whereas a number of these researches and studies have shown that the media’s representation of women has been both a direct and an indirect factor in the development of a woman’s negative perception of the self (Greenwald, 1992), one can also attempt to take the opposite side by insisting that media’s representation of women has a negligible effect on the self-image of women based on gathered data and its interpretation (Burd, 1939).   While the underlying question being resolved by both sides of these scholarly attempts revolves around the question as to whether media has its effects on the self-esteem and perception of women, another fundamental question can be raised. Should the media’s representation of women be considered a factor in the development of negative self-image among women? That now raises the brow in the effects of media to the audience. Deliberative refutes with the observed impact on women With these things in mind, the main thesis that this paper will adopt is that the media’s representation of women has a negative impact on women’s perception on these representations from the media. Supporting evidences needed to sustain the claim are to be taken mainly from previous scholarly researches and academic studies that center on the self-esteem of women in the context of exposures with the images of women in mass media (Benas & Gibb, 2007). Other references needed to maintain the argument are also to be extracted from several theories that put a premium emphasis on the hierarchy of the needs of individuals and on how people respond to these needs (Olenick, 2000).   The lame fact surfacing on such thought dwells on the positivity or the negativity of the impact being obtained. The advent of electronic media   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Electronic Media’s advent and the consistent rise of age’s liberalism had endured in a profound argumentative impact with regard to social interaction as well as with cultural identity.   The changes made by mass media are evidently found on a series of notions due to consciousness, certain perceptions on reality and the palpable alterations of the masses’ individual lives concurrent on what had reconstituted by the mentioned technological change (Palmer & Young, 2003).   Technological or digital innovation dwelled on to by human beings had been observed to have been conducting a protective bubble of fixed racial, cultural and ethnic identity resulting to a sense of detachment which lies on the physical state of the screen persona as well as with the transcends in the reality of social culture (Barker & Petley, 2001). Effects of media on cultural views The intersections of the new media coherent with the transformation of relationships among individuals were seen to be among aesthetic traditions, context on contemporary matters and different forms of speculative futures (â€Å"The National Entertainment State,† 2006).   The effects of media on cultural views and perceptions of people have been constantly changing on to how the general media’s trend is now being implemented. An example of such would be best illustrated on many immigrants and workers in the United States who came from other 3rd World Countries.   According to survey, the impact of constant exposure on television or media mediums caused them to become more liberated and open (Sharma & Dlouhy, 2004) to some sort, given the fact that what they tend to often see on the television portray the reality of today’s generation for reasons which are all inter-related in a web of complex facts, figure and situations – tracing back on the history of television or entertainment, per se’. Media as a source of violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The level of morality of individuals are conceived to be one by which their respective behavior are dependently being implied to.   With regard to behavioral psychology, it had been stressed that an individual’s personality is the manifestation of the influences which one had been able to acquire all throughout his childhood carried until adulthood (Wright, 1975).    Americans’ somewhat insatiable appetite for violence had been depicted and described in the violence saturate of their culture.   In an article written by Lillian BeVier, she elaborated various examples on how media had taken a huge part on violence in today’s generation. Her findings led her to an echelon of realistic and obvious results such as: songs urging to rape women, killing police officers, committing suicide, and all other heinous crimes which are said to be the message conveyed by some songs (â€Å"The National Entertainment State,† 2006; Niemeyer, 1975).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the issue of violence being a triggering factor for such violence were not thoroughly given substantial evidence with regards to the exposure on media, she had clearly emphasized that there is a need for the government, the Congress, the Federal Trade Commission, nor any state legislature to provide the discretionary and lawful measures as having to be given the power to legislate such constraints to avoid producers or purveyors commit such insatiable mistakes on the field of media communication (Akre & Wilson, 2006; Barker & Petley, 2001). Laws as a mean in expunging violence caused by media Due to the rampant rise of violence which is anticipated to have been caused by media exposure, critics and analysts had made researches on how to expunge such problem within the country, also to help save the considered innocent victims.   Relevant questions had risen on varied situations. Aside from that, the numerous numbers of crimes which had been bugging the Justice Department had gone on massive state that the need of keeping the morality and the avoidance of such violence had been a must to be expunged.   The government’s aim in saving the viewing masses had been delicately found to be moving in a very slow motion that those who are concerned on the leech eating the morality and sense of dignity oh humankind are being alarmed, sending a series of requests to those who are capable of making laws, to focus on media regulation (Newton, 1996). Mimicking media symbols The impressions left by media and its impact on the society had been conclusively found that perhaps one of the major reasons for such was the extremist rhetorical views from talk shows viewed by the audience.   Sometimes, the openness and extreme liberalism of a person, being shared on television are serving as a guide or something which is then mimicked (Greenwald, 1992). In relation to such scenario, it shall then be one by which those who do not possess the higher level of rationality and understanding is most likely to follow what they believed were â€Å"right† and â€Å"factual† statements and examples, giving it a ticket on the world of crime.   It may not be a total form of proof for such acts, but it is clear that an ounce of influence may result on to the transformation of individuals, thus, only if it shall be given proper guidance that such â€Å"negative† transformation shall be avoided (Greenwald, 1992). Media crossing the line   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, certain instructions may implicitly cause damage to families.   An illustration of such shall be seen on a scenario where families are to watch TV or a movie, with a theme on betrayal, prostitution or other forms of demoralizing schemes (Gunter, Harrison, & Wykes, 2003).   Given with such premise, although it will be under the discretion of the viewer on how to accept and internalize the message conveyed, still, it already gives the young minds, even those in the proper age an idea if such immorality. President Clinton once stated an impressive line on television giving the movie industry an alarm and a warning not to put across the level of immorality in the projects done for entertainment purposes.   He warned the participating subjects that â€Å"a line has been crossed – not just of taste, but of human dignity and decency†.   Such perception had then been crossing the stream every time sexual violence is given an amplifying catching tune.   It was then the time when the Hollywood’s dream of setting the â€Å"liberated† scheme of teen â€Å"adult scenes† were constrained and filtered (Barker & Petley, 2001; Newton, 1996).   Now that is pleasant news. Juvenile violence caused by mimicking media figures   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile justice system is aimed towards rehabilitating these young criminals, since they are not yet of the right age, and assumed to be not in the right frame of mind. But they could relinquish their hold on these criminals depending on the weight of the crime, or the court waives to do so (Burns, 1994). There is legislation for the protection, care, and custody of these children under their jurisdiction, since they are the ones that manage these legal concerns. People often deal with this delinquency problem by looking at the root of the problem: society and its components. People are driven into delinquency by various factors, including their outlook in the society and intervention by other people. In order to solve the problem of delinquency, these issues should be properly taken care off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People should start with their own homes and see whether they have proper communication with their children. Another is making sure that the environment is safe, free from other factors that could elicit delinquency. If it still couldn’t be managed, then that’s the time we need professional help. The authorities are more than willing to help, especially if the people are cooperating with them. There should be partnership with the authorities and the locals in order to solve the problem of juvenile delinquency. Music industry’s influence Moreover, there had also been instances with regard to the music industry.   Taking on to consideration the fact that music is now also a part of the television era, it is most likely inevitable for them to commit certain violations with regards to such.   It had been stated that the children of today are being exposed to certain music and videos which are offering negative images of human relationships as well as with unconstructive descriptions causing the downfall of the spiritual and moral values of the innocent individuals (â€Å"The National Entertainment State,† 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of which are those kind of music which teaches men on how to mistreat women – and for women to â€Å"just† accept this kind of fate – all of which is nothing but a short of mental contamination. Perceivably, it has not only violated the view of respect on the side of women, but it already gives children a negative impression on how women are to be treated, and how they accept to be treated, in such manner (Groves, 2002).     Digging deep on such, for the reason that entertainment plays a big role in most individual’s daily activities, it is righteous enough that lyrics of songs are to be filtered so as to give consideration to those who preserve the essence of ethics and the decency in music, art, and all the further forms of entertainment enjoyed. Media impact on society’s perception   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researches with regards to the viewer’s attitudes and behaviors toward television programs and portrayals as well as with the effects on the viewing experiences are found to be the major reason on how they are influenced and how they are able to internalize what they tend to see.   Viewers’ opinions about televised violence can vary significantly upon the physical form it takes as well as with the type of behavior displayed (Palmer & Young, 2003). Moreover, even the reasons for violence, the consequences for those who were involved, the nature of the perpetrator and the victim, and the relationship between them along with the setting in which the conflict and the scene has taken place, creates a huge function on how it shall be taken by such (Palmer & Young, 2003). Challenges in the rapidly changing media landscape   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conceivably, the dizzying pace of change in the Tele-visual landscape providing stark realities, significant challenges, and opportunities are notable for children’s growth, education and socialization.   The transformation of such realities, challenges and opportunities shall be translated in their lives, bedrooms, and futures will largely depend on how revolutionary techs are implemented, funded, distributed and consumed (Groves, 2002). The unprecedented explosion in options of viewing, video and subscription video on demand, personal video recorders, interactive TV, interactive program guides, unfiltered Internet access and a set of new-handled/portable technologies which continuously emerges on the modern era are but creating a whole new environment on an ethical scale perception (Newton, 1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dull endless debates about media â€Å"effects† could be broken with relative ease only if journalists, policy makers, politicians and pundits could be shifted among their deference and devotion to the style which they now tend to swim on.   Instead, if such social psychological advent is to sieve on to persuasion and thus give hearing to some findings which shall serve a slap to their prudence then their perspective is most likely to be adhered justly (Groves, 2002). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problem of violence in mass media which occurs in almost all corners of the world are but well-supported reasons and evidences why such problem must be given attention by the government.   It may not be clearly emphasized that it is the only factor why such immoral deeds are made, but then again, making it as â€Å"one† of the many factors is reason enough to alarm the society.     Such incidents raised and elaborated in accordance with the depictions on violent scenes and messages abounded on motion pictures, television, popular music, video games, books, and magazines featuring scenes of mayhem, sexual assault, murder, suicide, and all the other forms which are harmoniously repeated over and over again eat a large part on the apple of morality and behavior of humankind (Niemeyer, 1975).    In the same light, articles that touch on the opposite side of the claim are also to be utilized so as to review the probable refutations to the claim and to seek the best means in order to arrive at a solid conclusion on how mass media had been affecting the lives, specifically the perception of the contemporary masses so as to clearly understand the fallacious or the provided and proven facts and details with regard to how movies had been airing on television (â€Å"The National Entertainment State,† 2006). 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